What to Expect During a C-section

What is a C-section?

A C-section, also known as a cesarean section, is one method doctors use to deliver one or more babies. This surgical procedure is done by cutting the mother’s abdomen and uterus. C-sections are major surgeries that should be done when there is a health problem, a high-risk pregnancy or there is an emergency with the mom or her baby.

What are the differences between a vaginal birth and C-section?

With a C-section, the baby is delivered through the mom’s belly during surgery. In a vaginal birth, the baby is delivered through the mom’s vagina during active labor. The table below shows the benefits and risks of both types of delivery.

It’s important to talk to your doctor early in your pregnancy about which delivery plans are best for you. Discuss the risks and benefits for each delivery method with your doctor.

Planned C-section

Some pregnant women may have health issues, have multiple babies, or the baby’s position may be incorrect. This can make vaginal delivery unsafe. Your doctor will tell you early in your pregnancy if you need a C-section. In some cases, your doctor will plan a C-section later in your pregnancy because the fetus is too large for a vaginal delivery.

Unplanned C-section

While you may have decided on having a vaginal delivery, an unplanned C-section could happen. When there is a critical situation while you are in labor, your doctor may decide that you need to have an emergency C-section. The baby can be in distress, the umbilical cord is in the wrong position, or labor is taking too long. Your doctor will deliver your baby through this unplanned C-section and care for your baby or babies.

Possible Risks of C-sections

When a doctor recommends a pregnant woman to schedule a C-section, it is because a vaginal birth is more dangerous for the mother. Medical complications can arise during C-sections, including:

• Excessive bleeding
• Allergic reactions to anesthesia
• Blood clots can form
• Infection at the incision site

Prepare for Your C-section

Your doctor will tell you how to prepare for your C-section. This can include:

• Pack for your hospital stay. This includes toiletries, personal items, medical documentation, government issued ID and more.
• Do not eat any food eight hours before your surgery.
• Do not drink any clear fluids or water two hours before your surgery.
• Shower with the antiseptic soap that your doctor gave you. Do this the night before or the morning of your procedure. This soap helps reduce bacterial infection during the C-section.
• Once you arrive at the hospital, talk to the physician, anesthesiologist and delivery team to discuss your medical history, pain-relief medication preferences and ask questions.
• Remove all jewelry, makeup, hearing aids and other items from your body. Avoid applying lotions or creams before the procedure.
• A nurse will place an IV line in your arm and start a fetal heart rate monitor.

What to Expect During the C-section

Cesarean sections usually last around one hour. The doctor makes a few cuts on your abdomen and uterus, delivers the baby and sews up the incision site.

• The nurses will take you to the operating room (OR).
•  You will drink an antacid drink and lay down on the operating table.
• The anesthesia team will give you a form of pain-relief medication. For example, spinal anesthesia or epidural can be administered. Make sure to discuss with your doctor what options are available and the differences.
• A catheter will be inserted into your bladder. You will be covered in sheets.
• The doctor will place an incision on your abdomen and then your uterus. You will not be able to feel pain because the anesthesia blocks all pain from the chest down.
• Your baby will be delivered, and the team will check the baby’s health. Your placenta will also be delivered.

After the C-section

• After the surgery, you and your baby will be taken to your room to rest.
• Your anesthesia will wear off. You will begin to feel and move your legs.
• Nurses will provide you with pain-relief medication if needed and care for you.
• Try to walk around, drink and eat once safe to do so.
• Usually after two to four days in the hospital, mothers can take their baby home.

After the C-section – Home Care and Recovery

The recovery process takes around four to six weeks. Mothers must rest. Follow your doctor’s instructions and call if you have questions. Avoid lifting anything heavy or doing tasks that make you tired.

• Take your prescribed medication.
• Always follow your doctor’s instructions and be careful with your incision.
• If there are any signs of infection with your incision, call your physician.
• Attend a follow-up appointment.

Ask your family and friends for support as you recover. It’s normal for moms to feel emotional and tired during the recovery process. This happens because their bodies feel many physical, hormonal and sleep schedule changes. If you are feeling very stressed, depressed, sad or empty, call your doctor. Postpartum depression is a serious, but treatable disease.

Sunshine Health also has the help you need. Learn how to get the best emotional and mental healthcare during this time in your life.

More Resources

• Your postpartum checklist
• How to care for your baby's umbilical cord
• Your guide to breastfeeding
• Learn more about pregnancy services available for Sunshine Health members
• Learn more about postpartum services
• Join Healthy Moms = Healthy Babies email list: Sign up to receive Sunshine Health newsletters with important health reminders. The articles will help you focus on your own health during your baby’s first year.
• Our free Nurse Advice Line is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and 365 days a year at 1-866-796-0530 (TTY 1-800-955-8770). You can speak directly to an experienced nurse who is ready to help you and your family.
• Contact Member Services at 1-866-796-0530 to learn more about your benefits, services and ask questions.

Sources:

• March of Dimes
• Mayo Clinic
• Northwestern Medicine (PDF)
• University of Washington Medical Center (PDF)
• FPQC PROVIDE Initiative USF Health (PDF)